“La alfabetización es funcional para el Estado. La sociedad no necesita alfabetización”. Encuentros burocráticos y analfabetismo en El Alto

Autores/as

  • Rebekka Krauss University of Bayreuth

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2025.321

Palabras clave:

analfabetismo, procesos de aprendizaje, burocracia, estudios de burocracia , Capacidad de literalización

Resumen

Este artículo examina cómo los adultos con poca o ninguna competencia de lectoescritura enfrentan el papeleo burocrático en la ciudad de El Alto. Los residentes de El Alto lamentan tener que lidiar con una burocracia excesiva en instituciones estatales como municipalidades, policía y tribunales      cuando solicitan pensiones, tramitan divorcios o procesos judiciales. Aunque en muchos entornos cotidianos alteños (como mercados o talleres de artesanos) se pueden percibir prácticas orales y textuales distintas de la alfabetización estándar, los encuentros burocráticos demandan el manejo de documentos  y papeles. Siguiendo las experiencias de algunos participantes en mi trabajo de campo en El Alto, me centro en las demandas de alfabetización experimentadas en procedimientos altamente emocionales dentro del sistema de justicia e investigo cómo actúan las personas con poco o ningun conocimiento de lectoescritura frente a las exigencias de la burocracia estatal.  ¿Cómo se relacionan con las diversas autoridades públicas para lograr sus objetivos y reivindicaciones? ¿Existen estrategias para enfrentar los diferentes desafíos de la lectoescritura y los procedimientos burocráticos? ¿Qué tipo de patrones y procesos de desaprendizaje y aprendizaje  de la alfabetización (“literalización” e “illiteralización”) pueden identificarse? Precisamente en estos procesos altamente emotivos los participantes en la investigación adquirieron habilidades de lectoescritura. Me pregunto si la alfabetización, al menos para muchas personas en Bolivia, podría no ser un fin en sí misma sino más bien un medio para actuar en relación con el Estado.

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Publicado

2025-12-11

Número

Bolivian Studies Journal Vol. 31, 2025

Sección

Miscellaneous Articles

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2024 Rebekka Krauss

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