Más allá de la inocencia: Indigeneidad y despliegues violentos de la sinrazón política en Bolivia

Autores/as

  • Mareike Winchell London School of Economics

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2024.319

Palabras clave:

Indigeneidad, Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS), descolonización, agenda extractivista de Morales, Estudios Postcoloniales, memoria colectiva, Ética y Politicas del cuerpo, raza, Andes

Resumen

Este artículo se centra en lo que los críticos han identificado como apelaciones falsas y engañosas al indigenismo por parte de los funcionarios electos en la Bolivia del siglo XXI, una narrativa confirmada por el continuo apoyo del presidente Evo Morales al nacionalismo neoextractivista. Aunque estas críticas ganaron terreno entre la crítica de extrema derecha en los meses previos a la destitución de Morales en 2019, los esfuerzos académicos para explicar su destitución también suelen abordar el indigenismo como una pluralidad antiextractivista resistente o como un instrumento manipulado vaciado de contenido. Partiendo del trabajo de campo y de estudios historiográficos, este artículo se aleja de tales acusaciones de falsedad o inocencia para examinar, en cambio, el funcionamiento relacional del indigenismo en un entorno definido desde hace mucho tiempo por el escepticismo quechua y aymara hacia programas gubernamentales de redención histórica. Más allá de proporcionar un marco para autorizar y "conocer" la indigeneidad, examino cómo las nociones introducidas de diferencia racializada han sido clave en los esfuerzos populares quechuas y aymaras para oponerse a incursiones políticas, religiosas y laborales. Entre los simpatizantes rurales en la década anterior al derrocamiento de Morales, alegatos a la pertenencia indígena y al arraigo histórico permitieron canales de reivindicación. En lugar de ser neutralizadas, las invocaciones politizadas de la indigeneidad compartida contribuyeron a crear un terreno relacional en el que los partidarios exigían de los funcionarios electos receptividad ante lo que percibían como los fracasos de la descolonización institucional y las tragedias del abandono del Estado.

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Publicado

2024-11-25

Número

Bolivian Studies Journal Vol. 30, 2024

Sección

Artículos

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2023 Mareike Winchell

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