¿Trabajo (no)cooperativo? Cooperativas Mineras y el Estado en Bolivia

Autores/as

  • Elena McGrath Union College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2024.317

Palabras clave:

Minería, cooperativas, trabajo, Evo Morales, nacionalización

Resumen

En 2019 los mineros cooperativistas bolivianos, otrora aliados incondicio-   nales del MAS y Evo Morales, contribuyeron a inflamar la crisis que derrocó al gobierno de Morales. Este artículo explora las raíces de la confusa y a menudo explosiva relación entre los mineros cooperativistas, la nacionalización y el MAS. Tras rastrear la historia de la minería cooperativa y su relación con el robo de mineral desde el periodo colonial, este artículo muestra como la minería cooperativista y los sindicatos de mineros asalariados surgieron  como respuestas gemelas a la precariedad del trabajo y la producción en el siglo XX. En las décadas de 1950 y 1960 los trabajadores cooperativistas surgieron como una sombra sobre la economía minera nacionalizada, compitiendo por espacio e influencia política con los trabajadores asalariados. Tras el cierre de COMIBOL a finales de la década de 1980, las cooperativas absorbieron a los trabajadores despedidos, así como a los emigrantes del campo, y se involucraron en reivindicaciones que antes pertenecían a los trabajadores estatales y sindicales. Cuando Morales reabrió la empresa minera nacional de Bolivia en 2006 y trató de incrementar la participación estatal en la economía minera, preparó el terreno para una confrontación directa entre los intereses de los cooperativistas, la gran mayoría de los trabajadores mineros en aquel momento, y el propio Estado. Este conflicto de intereses entre diferentes tipos de trabajadores mineros ha perseguido al MAS, culminando en la crisis de 2019 que lo expulsó del poder y de Bolivia.                                

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Publicado

2024-11-25

Número

Bolivian Studies Journal Vol. 30, 2024

Sección

Artículos

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2023 Elena McGrath

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