¿Completando la revolución? Los Estados Unidos y la larga revolución boliviana

Autores/as

  • Kenneth D. Lehman Hampden-Sydney College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2016.154

Palabras clave:

asistencia norteamericana a Bolivia, democracia, gobierno de Evo Morales, intereses e intervenciones norteamericanas en Bolivia, la “larga” revolución boliviana, políticas neoliberales, Revolución Nacional de 1952

Resumen

El trabajo que James Malloy publicó en 1970 (hasta hoy día uno de los esfuerzos analíticos más sistemáticos que se han hecho en inglés para entender la Revolución Nacional de 1952), argumentaba que la revolución permanecía "incompleta". Las elecciones y subsiguientes políticas del gobierno de Morales después de 2005 llevaron a Bolivia mucho más cerca de completar dos de los objetivos importantes que buscaba la revolución y que todavía no se habían cumplidos cuando Malloy publicó su trabajo: la inclusión de todos los bolivianos en el sistema político y el incremento de autonomía nacional. Si bien es prematuro pensar que la revolución boliviana esté "terminada", el cambio operado en el lugar del poder, que de elites europeizads se ha desplazado a fuerzas más ampliamente populares, y la creciente independencia de Bolivia respecto a influencias y direcciones externas, son logros clave de lo que podría llamarse la "larga revolución" boliviana. Prestando atención a esos dos logros fundamentales (la inclusión y la autonomía), este artículo ofrece un examen preliminar del complicado y a menudo paradójico rol que Estados Unidos ha desempeñado en la larga trayectoria histórica de Bolivia desde abril de 1952. Directa e indirectamente, a través de la imposición y la sugerencia, de manera deliberada y no intencional, proporcionando asistencia y al mismo tiempo estimulando una feroz resistencia nacionalista, mediante programas diseñados y giros de la contingencia histórica, Estados Unidos ha contribuido a la lenta transformación revolucionaria en Bolivia. Pero los patrones de imposición y resistencia continúan, y este artículo sostiene que ha llegado la hora de que los Estados Unidos examinen sus supuestos para que las dos naciones puedan evitar la repetición de patrones cíclicos del pasado.

Biografía del autor/a

Kenneth D. Lehman, Hampden-Sydney College

Squires Professor of History

Author of Bolivia and the United States: A Limited Partnership

Descargas

Publicado

2017-03-27

Número

Bolivian Studies Journal Vol. 22, 2016

Sección

Artículos

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