Entre la Ley India y el nacionalismo del Qullasuyu. Gregorio Titiriku y la creación del activismo idígena de los AMP, 1921-1964

Autores/as

  • Waskar Ari-Chachaki

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2010.11

Palabras clave:

Achachila, Alcaldes Mayores, Alcaldes Mayores Particulares, Ayllu, Cholo, Escuela de Warisata, Escuelas Particulares, Jilaqatas, Ley India, Nacionalismo del Qullasuyu, Pachamama, Qullasuyu, República de Qullasuyu

Resumen

En 1921, cuando concluyó el periodo de gobiernos liberales en Bolivia, Gregorio Titiriku, indio uru-aymara originario de las orillas del lago Titikaka (La Paz), inició cincuenta años de activismo intelectual indio entre los Alcaldes Mayores Particulares (AMP), red de intelectuales indígenas que agrupaba alrededor de 450 participantes. Titiriku luchó contra el colonialismo interno y tuvo un rol fundamental en la construcción del  nacionalismo subalterno de los AMP.  Sus ideas fueron cruciales para la construcción del discurso de los AMP, conocido en ese tiempo como la Ley India.  Se trataba de un discurso que promovía el culto a la Pachamama y a los Achachilas y se proponía renombrar la nación de los qullas (conocidos como aymara-quechuas). Titiriku fue particularmente efectivo generando ideas para la movilización de los AMP, por ejemplo la idea de qullasuyun wawapa  (los hijos de los pueblos qulla) llamados a promover el orgullo jaqi y las bayeta camisas (a fin de legitimar un código de vestuario indígena como parte de una política de identidad).  Este ideario nos proporciona un campo privilegiado para la comprensión de las relaciones entre modernidades alternativas y esferas públicas. Titiriku utilizó el discurso de los AMP para desafiar políticas segregacionistas y ofrecer resistencia a los proyectos de la civilización dominante.  Las particularidades de la Ley India y su nacionalismo estratégico revelan la existencia de discursos alternativos de modernidad por mucho tiempo olvidados en Bolivia. El análisis del discurso de los AMP nos ayuda a entender la larga presencia de lucha por proyectos de autonomía y hegemonía en Bolivia y proporciona una mejor comprensión de cómo el colonialismo interno y las audiencias públicas interaccionan históricamente.

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Publicado

2011-01-15

Número

Bolivian Studies Journal Vol. 15-17, 2008-2010

Sección

Artículos

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