"Sin él, los indios se irían y nada se haría." La relación cambiante entre los caciques y la Audiencia de Charcas después de las reformas de Francisco de Toledo

Autores/as

  • Jay David Thornton Universidad de Zaragoza

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2011.38

Palabras clave:

Acuerdos, Audiencia de Charcas, Caciques, Identidad Indígena en el siglo XVI en Charcas, Juan de Matienzo, Oidores, Reformas de Francisco de Toledo

Resumen

Las reducciones indígenas en Charcas (actual Bolivia) llevadas a cabo por el Virrey Francisco de Toledo han sido ampliamente reconocidas como la tentativa definitiva de transformar la sociedad andina indígena de acuerdo a esquemas ibéricos de gobierno. Si bien es indiscutible que bajo estas medidas las previamente dispersas poblaciones indígenas fueron reorganizadas en torno a centros urbanos, elevado el tributo nativo e impuestas formas castellanas de gobierno municipal, la historiografía moderna todavía discute las repercusiones que las reformas de Toledo tuvieron para las poblaciones indígenas de este districto. Este trabajo plantea una revisión de las decisiones tomadas por la Audiencia de Charcas y la correspondencia de los jueces de esta corte con el propósito de mostrar hasta qué punto las relaciones entre el tribunal superior y los líderes indígenas ―caciques― cambiaron durante el período de las reformas de Toledo. En su desarrollo, la investigación revela una transformación explícita ―y previamente no valorada― del modelo político virreinal, que de una situación en la que los caciques frecuentemente buscaban y recibían legitimación de la Audiencia ―como en el sistema Inca― cambia a una en la que los caciques utilizaban a la Audiencia como un foro que podía ser usado oportunísticamente para obtener privilegios y beneficios económicos. Usando la figura del cacique como apoderado, esta investigación en torno a los cambios generados en la sociedad andina a raíz de las reformas de Toledo es distinta pero complementaria a estudios emprendido por otros historiadores en torno al mismo tema. Los cambios elucidados por registros judiciales y correspondencias oficiales sugieren los orígenes de la aparición de líderes indígenas cuyo hábil manejo del sistema legal colonial será representativo de las relaciones indígeno–españolas durante la colonia. 

Biografía del autor/a

Jay David Thornton, Universidad de Zaragoza

Research conducted as part of a Fulbright Scholarship at the University of Zaragoza with the guidance of Professor Jesús Morales Arrizabalaga and Dr. Alejandro Abadía Irache.

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Publicado

2011-11-20

Número

Bolivian Studies Journal Vol. 18, 2011

Sección

Artículos

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