Proceso de Cambio en Bolivia: Ajustando el paradigma ideológico de lo social a lo económico

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2019.205

Palabras clave:

Evo Morales, Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS), neo-patrimonialismo, políticas sociales, Vivir Bien

Resumen

La transición política del 2006 en Bolivia significó mucho más que una simple transferencia de poder. Lo que representó fue la llegada de un nuevo paradigma político, económico y social. El nuevo líder electo (Evo Morales Ayma) y su partido político, el Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS), trajeron consigo una ambiciosa agenda de cambio social. La mayor parte de los esfuerzos iniciales estuvieron dirigidos a responder promesas electorales y demandas de una miríada de movimientos sociales que apoyaron la candidatura de Morales. Con el paso del tiempo, los componentes ideológicos del modelo fueron refinados y transformados de una retórica anti-neoliberal hacia una amplia agenda de reforma estatal. Parte de los componentes ideológicos se enraizaron en la noción del “Vivir Bien”, que en esencia es una aproximación balanceada para el desarrollo que considera el bienestar humano en harmonía con la madre naturaleza. El desafío político, sin embargo, ha sido la transformación de esta aproximación holística en práctica, y los efectos que esto implica en las políticas públicas ‒tema particularmente difícil en un país con marco institucional débil y un estado con capacidades limitadas. Este artículo sostine que si bien se han dado ganancias significativas, particularmente reorientando la noción del estado de bienestar y en áreas económicas y sociales claves, el modelo todavía está subyugado a un estado neo-patrimonial dependiente de materias primas para sostener una creciente agenda social. Mas aún, en los últimos años, el énfasis político y los esfuerzos se han concentrado en favorecer reformas económicas a expensas de las sociales, lo que compromete la integridad del modelo a futuro.

 

                                           

Biografía del autor/a

Martín Mendoza-Botelho, Eastern Connecticut State University (ECSU)

Associate Professor

Department of Political Science, Philosophy and Geography

Descargas

Publicado

2020-05-11

Número

Bolivian Studies Journal Vol. 25, 2019

Sección

Artículos

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